Categorizado | Control Gestual

Introducción a la Tecnología gestual

Introducción a la Tecnología gestual

El primer dispositivo de control de una máquina desde el punto de vista de la interacción hombre-máquina HMI fue el interruptor y pulsadores, como por ejemplo para apagar/encender la máquina, activar una luz, un movimiento o una determinada función. La tecnología evolucionó y esas mismas funciones fueron reemplazadas por la tecnología táctil, en la cual tocando una superficie en una determinada posición, se realizaban entre otras, las mismas funciones anteriormente descritas.

Las anteriores enumeradas anteriormente tienen diversos inconvenientes y el principal es que tienes que tocar el interruptor/pulsador y/o la placa táctil para poder interactuar con la máquina, con el riesgo que ello conlleva para el ser humano, el tocarla, ya que puede estar a altas temperaturas, cargada eléctricamente y/o existir la posibilidad de no poder interactuar con la máquina, que está en una zona aislada y el ser humano en otra no aislada, entre otras contingencias.

Actualmente, existe una técnica de reconocimiento gestual que emplea una cámara de video y un software específico de reconocimiento de imágenes y seguimiento, básicamente. Esta tecnología resuelve los problemas anteriores, pero genera otros, como son por ejemplo, la necesidad de unas condiciones de iluminación adecuada, coste en material hardware y software, visión directa entre hombre y máquina, entre otros. Las ventajas de esta nueva tecnología con respecto a las interfaces de control anteriores son múltiples y variadas. Son tantas que sólo se expondrán aquí algunas a modo de resumen.

  1. Aislamiento total entre hombre-máquina, para seguridad del ser humano. Ideal para materias en prevención de riesgos. A distancia y sin tocar nada de la máquina se puede controlar. El transductor electrogestual detecta movimientos aun con cualquier objeto que esté intercalado entre éste y la mano. Así por ejemplo la máquina puede estar en una urna de vidrio sellada y la persona desde fuera mediante gestos puede controlarla.
  2. Coste y tamaño del transductor completo similar a la tecnología anterior. Por ejemplo el coste de este transductor electrogestual para encender/ apagar una bombilla sustituyendo al interruptor tradicional es similar. Este transductor se puede colocar en el mismo hueco del interruptor tradicional. Incluso elimina mecanismos, ya que por ejemplo en una cocina o baño el interruptor puede estar embebido detrás de una loseta de alicatado, sin que haya mecanismo visible.
  3. Para personas con discapacidad visual y/o cognitiva. No hace falta leer ni entender de letras o por ejemplo, otros idiomas, cual es el botón que se pulsa (como por ejemplo un mando a distancia o botonera de ascensor); sólo con un gesto estándar se realiza la función. No se necesita localizar el control, sólo haciendo el gesto sobre el transductor es suficiente. Por ejemplo para el interruptor de la luz a oscuras, haciendo un barrido amplio con el brazo, alguna parte de éste entraría en el rango de detección del transductor electrogestual y encendería la bombilla.
  4. Salud pública e higiene. Este sistema al no tener que tocar nada previene de contagios y enfermedades. Es consabido por ejemplo que los dos objetos con más gérmenes y bacterias en los hoteles son el mando a distancia de la TV y el interruptor de la lámpara sin contar ya los consabidos del lavabo e inodoro.
  5. Protección de la máquina y sus decoraciones. Muchas veces tenemos las manos manchadas de grasa del motor de un coche, aceite de alimentos, manchadas de polvo, agua, barro por ejemplo. Al no tener que tocar nada, no ensuciamos el mecanismo de control de la máquina ni sus embellecedores si los tuviera.

La interface de control de un dispositivo gestual se compondría de los siguientes bloques de elementos:

  1. Sensor, cuya variable física de detección son los campos eléctricos.
  2. Procesador y generador de señales digital. Para generar la señal que produce el campo eléctrico en el electrodo TX y recibir, procesar y computar las señales de los receptores (electrodos RX) del sensor, e indicar en forma de patrones o códigos la detección, posición y movimientos de la mano.
  3. Unidad de control de la máquina. Contiene los relés, transistores, buses de comunicaciones y demás elementos de control de la máquina. Recibe los patrones o códigos del procesador de señales anterior y en función de estos actúa sobre las salidas. Por ejemplo sobre un relé para activar un motor, sobre una electroválvula para canalizar un caudal de aire o fluido, una bombilla, sobre un transistor para activar una resistencia eléctrica, etc.

A continuación se muestra un ejemplo real de aplicación industrial, que representa un Interruptor gestual de la luz para hogares/Oficinas, cuyo esquema se puede apreciar en la siguiente figura:

 

La Figura, representa la aplicación completa con la toma de la acometida eléctrica (66c) y su correspondiente cableado unifilar (66b) embebido en las paredes y techo (66a). El elemento a controlar es una bombilla (7). El bloque (6) es el interruptor gestual que está implementado en un único bloque, con un relé de enclavamiento. Subiendo la mano (2c) de abajo a arriba (66e) se enciende la bombilla y con un movimiento de bajada (66d) se apaga.

Los distintos movimientos estándar de esta tecnología son los siguientes:

  • Subir mano.
  • Bajar mano.
  • Mover mano con dirección de derechas a izquierdas.
  • Mover mano con dirección de izquierdas a derechas.
  • Girar mano en sentido horario.
  • Girar mano en sentido anti-horario.
  • Movimientos libres formando caracteres o figuras.

Con las secuencias anteriores de movimientos se pueden controlar cualquier dispositivo, así se podrá estandarizar el control, sin necesidad de etiquetas ni explicaciones, haciendo que un producto prácticamente no posea manual de usuario, a excepción de las precauciones de seguridad. Así, que ya sabes manejar un dispositivo gestual. ¡Estate atento a nuestros futuros desarrollos y adquiere uno!

El post ha sido escrito por:

- ha escrito 16 posts en Red Solar España | AHS Technology S.L..

Soy español ingeniero tec. industrial, ingeniero en electrónica y programador. Administrador único y co-fundador de AHS Tecnology. Actualmente estoy viviendo y trabajando en la hermosa ciudad de Granada, donde tiene la sede la empresa. He trabajado en varias empresas de fabricación de chips, energías renovables y de automatización industrial. Mis habilidades son la producción de energía de fuentes renovables, la electronica de potencia y las tecnologías multimedia.

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64 Respuestas para “Introducción a la Tecnología gestual”

  1. Muy novedoso y cómodo el interruptor gestual que proporciona mas comodidad a la hora de encender o apagar la luz, seria también muy interesante poder controlar la intensidad de la luz girando la mano y colocando la intensidad que solo necesitamos desde la luz total o a media luz.

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